Strength of Masonry Walls Under Compressive and Transverse Loads
By F. Y. Yokel, R. G. Mathey, and R. D. Dikkers
Contents of Strength of Masonry Walls Under Compressive and Transverse Loads
List of symbols V
SI conversion units VI
Abstract 1
1. Introduction and objective 1
2. Scope 1
3. Materials 2
3.1. Brick 2
3.2. Concrete masonry units 2
3.3. Mortar 3
4. Test specimens 3
4.1. Description of walls 3
4.2. Fabrication of walls 6
4.3. Description and fabrication of prisms 6
5. Testing procedures 7
5.1. WaU tests 7
5.2. Instrumentation for wall tests 8
5.3. Prism tests 9
5.4. Instrumentation for prism tests 9
6. Test results 9
6.1. Wall test results 9
6.2. Description of wall failures 13
6.3. Prism test results 21
7. Theoretical discussion 23
7.1. Introduction 23
7.2. Interaction between vertical loads and moments 23
7.2.1. General discussion “23
7.2.2. Cross-sectional moment capacity. 25
7.2.2.1. Solid prismatic sections 25
7.2.2.2. Symmetrical hollow sections 29
7.2.2.3. Asymmetric sections 30
7.3. Slenderness effects 32
8. Analysis of test results 35
8.1. Introduction 35
8.2. Stress-strain relationships 35
8.3. Cross-sectional capacity 35
8.4. Wall strength 38
8.4.1. General discussion of the test conditions 38
8.4.2. Concrete block walls 39
8.4.2.1. 8-in hollow concrete block walls 39
8.4.2.2. 8-in solid concrete block walls 43
8.4.2.3. Conclusions 44
8.4.3. Brick walls 44
8.4.3.1. Comparison of brick wall systems 44
8.4.3.2. Correlation of test results with theory 48
8.4.3.3. Conclusions 51
8.4.4. Cavity and composite walls 51
8.4.4.1. Comparative strength of walls 51
8.4.4.2. 4-2-4-in cavity walls of hollow concrete block 52
8.4.4.3. 4-2-4-in cavity walls of brick and hollow concrete block 54
8.4.4.4. 8-in composite brick and hollow concrete block walls 58
8.4.4.5. Conclusions 60
9. Recommendations and discussion of present design practice 61
9.1. Determination of transverse strength of masonry walls 61
9.2. Discussion of present design practice 62
9.2.1. ANSI building code requirements 62
9.2.2. SCPI standard for engineered brick masonry 63
9.2.3. NCMA and ACT recommendations 65
9.3. Recommended research 66
10. Summary 67
10.1. Conclusions from test results 67
10.2. Comparison of test results with existing design practice 67
11. Acknowledgment 68
12. References 68
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